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1、分类

随机存储器，Random Access Memory (RAM)

静态随机存储器 SRAM
动态随机存储器 DRAM


只读存储器，Read-Only Memory (ROM)

掩膜ROM
可编程ROM，..." />
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1、分类

随机存储器，Random Access Memory (RAM)

静态随机存储器 SRAM
动态随机存储器 DRAM


只读存储器，Read-Only Memory (ROM)

掩膜ROM
可编程ROM，...">
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1、分类

随机存储器，Random Access Memory (RAM)

静态随机存储器 SRAM
动态随机存储器 DRAM


只读存储器，Read-Only Memory (ROM)

掩膜ROM
可编程ROM，...">
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                                <h2>
                                    5.1 半导体存储电路
                                </h2>
                                <span class="article-info">
                                    2023-12-17, 350 words, 2 min read
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                                        <h2 id="一-半导体存储器">一、半导体存储器</h2>
<h4 id="1-分类">1、分类</h4>
<ul>
<li>随机存储器，Random Access Memory (RAM)
<ul>
<li>静态随机存储器 SRAM</li>
<li>动态随机存储器 DRAM</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>只读存储器，Read-Only Memory (ROM)
<ul>
<li>掩膜ROM</li>
<li>可编程ROM，PROM</li>
<li>可擦除的可编程ROM，EPROM</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<img src="http://cos.pansis.site/202312212225978.png/abc123" alt="image-20231221222544315" style="zoom:30%;" />
<h2 id="二-sram的静态存储单元">二、SRAM的静态存储单元</h2>
<h4 id="1-单元结构">1、单元结构</h4>
<img src="http://cos.pansis.site/202312142348731.png/abc123" alt="image-20231214234814623" style="zoom:50%;" />
<h4 id="2-功能">2、功能</h4>
<ul>
<li><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>T</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">T_1</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em;">T</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>~<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>T</mi><mn>4</mn></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">T_4</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em;">T</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">4</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> 为 基本RS触发器，作存储单元</li>
<li><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>X</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">X_i =1</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07847em;">X</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07847em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.64444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span>时，第 <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">i</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.65952em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">i</span></span></span></span> 行中被选中，T5，T6导通，Q、Q’与<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>B</mi><mi>j</mi></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">B_j</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.969438em;vertical-align:-0.286108em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05017em;">B</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.05017em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em;">j</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> ，<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>B</mi><mi>j</mi></msub><mi mathvariant="normal">’</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">B_j ’</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.980548em;vertical-align:-0.286108em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05017em;">B</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.311664em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.05017em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.05724em;">j</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord">’</span></span></span></span>相通。</li>
<li>$ Y_j =1$ 时，所在列被选中，T7，T8导通。这时第i行，第j列单元与缓冲器相连</li>
<li>当 $CS’=0 $ 时， 若<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>W</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">’</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">R/W’=1</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.00773em;">R</span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em;">W</span><span class="mord">’</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.64444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span>，则A1导通，A2与A3截止， <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><mi>Q</mi><mo>→</mo><mi>I</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>O</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">Q\to I/O</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8777699999999999em;vertical-align:-0.19444em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">Q</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">→</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07847em;">I</span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">O</span></span></span></span>，读操作</li>
<li>若<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>W</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">’</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">R/W’=0</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.00773em;">R</span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em;">W</span><span class="mord">’</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.64444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord">0</span></span></span></span>，则A1截止，A2与A3导通， <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><mi>I</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>O</mi><mo>→</mo><mi>Q</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">I/O \to Q</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07847em;">I</span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">O</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">→</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8777699999999999em;vertical-align:-0.19444em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">Q</span></span></span></span>，写操作</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="3-sram和dram的比较">3、SRAM和DRAM的比较</h4>
<img src="http://cos.pansis.site/202312142353783.png/abc123" alt="image-20231214235324731" style="zoom:50%;" />
<h2 id="三-掩膜rom">三、掩膜ROM</h2>
<h4 id="1-结构">1、结构</h4>
<img src="http://cos.pansis.site/202312142354005.png/abc123" alt="image-20231214235442918" style="zoom:50%;" />
<h4 id="2-特点">2、特点</h4>
<ul>
<li>存储矩阵的每个交叉点是一个“存储单元”，存储单元中有 期间存入“1”，无器件存入“0”</li>
<li>存储器的容量：“字数×位数”</li>
<li>出厂时已经固定，不能更改，适合大量生产，简单，便宜， 非易失性</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="四-可编程romprom">四、可编程ROM(PROM)</h2>
<h4 id="1-特点">1、特点</h4>
<ul>
<li>熔丝由易熔合金制成。出厂时，每个节点上都有 编程时将不用的熔断</li>
<li>一次性编程，不能改写</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="五-扩展">五、扩展</h2>
<h4 id="1-位扩展方式">1、位扩展方式</h4>
<figure data-type="image" tabindex="1"><img src="http://cos.pansis.site/202312150000812.png/abc123" alt="image-20231215000035730" loading="lazy"></figure>
<h4 id="2-字扩展方式">2、字扩展方式</h4>
<figure data-type="image" tabindex="2"><img src="http://cos.pansis.site/202312150001290.png/abc123" alt="image-20231215000109211" loading="lazy"></figure>
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